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## 8 Scientific Functions

The functions described here perform trigonometric and other transcendental calculations. They generally produce floating-point answers correct to the full current precision. The `H` (Hyperbolic) and `I` (Inverse) flag keys must be used to get some of these functions from the keyboard.

One miscellaneous command is shift-`P` (`calc-pi`), which pushes the value of ‘`pi`’ (at the current precision) onto the stack. With the Hyperbolic flag, it pushes the value ‘`e`’, the base of natural logarithms. With the Inverse flag, it pushes Euler’s constant ‘`gamma`’ (about 0.5772). With both Inverse and Hyperbolic, it pushes the “golden ratio” ‘`phi`’ (about 1.618). (At present, Euler’s constant is not available to unlimited precision; Calc knows only the first 100 digits.) In Symbolic mode, these commands push the actual variables ‘`pi`’, ‘`e`’, ‘`gamma`’, and ‘`phi`’, respectively, instead of their values; see Symbolic Mode.

The `Q` (`calc-sqrt`) [`sqrt`] function is described elsewhere; see Basic Arithmetic. With the Inverse flag [`sqr`], this command computes the square of the argument.

See Prefix Arguments, for a discussion of the effect of numeric prefix arguments on commands in this chapter which do not otherwise interpret a prefix argument.

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