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### 3.8 Limiting

It can be convenient to limit the summary buffer to just show some subset of the articles currently in the group. The effect most limit commands have is to remove a few (or many) articles from the summary buffer.

Limiting commands work on subsets of the articles already fetched from the servers. These commands don't query the server for additional articles.

`/ /`
`/ s`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some subject (`gnus-summary-limit-to-subject`). If given a prefix, exclude matching articles.
`/ a`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some author (`gnus-summary-limit-to-author`). If given a prefix, exclude matching articles.
`/ R`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some recipient (`gnus-summary-limit-to-recipient`). If given a prefix, exclude matching articles.
`/ A`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles in which contents of From, To or Cc header match a given address (`gnus-summary-limit-to-address`). If given a prefix, exclude matching articles.
`/ S`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that aren't part of any displayed threads (`gnus-summary-limit-to-singletons`). If given a prefix, limit to articles that are part of displayed threads.
`/ x`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that match one of the “extra” headers (see To From Newsgroups) (`gnus-summary-limit-to-extra`). If given a prefix, exclude matching articles.
`/ u`
`x`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles not marked as read (`gnus-summary-limit-to-unread`). If given a prefix, limit the buffer to articles strictly unread. This means that ticked and dormant articles will also be excluded.
`/ m`
  Ask for a mark and then limit to all articles that have been marked with that mark (`gnus-summary-limit-to-marks`).
`/ t`
  Ask for a number and then limit the summary buffer to articles older than (or equal to) that number of days (`gnus-summary-limit-to-age`). If given a prefix, limit to articles younger than that number of days.
`/ n`
  With prefix ‘`n`’, limit the summary buffer to the next ‘`n`’ articles. If not given a prefix, use the process marked articles instead. (`gnus-summary-limit-to-articles`).
`/ w`
  Pop the previous limit off the stack and restore it (`gnus-summary-pop-limit`). If given a prefix, pop all limits off the stack.
`/ .`
  Limit the summary buffer to the unseen articles (`gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen`).
`/ v`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that have a score at or above some score (`gnus-summary-limit-to-score`).
`/ p`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that satisfy the `display` group parameter predicate (`gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate`). See Group Parameters, for more on this predicate.
`/ r`
  Limit the summary buffer to replied articles (`gnus-summary-limit-to-replied`). If given a prefix, exclude replied articles.
`/ E`
`M S`
  Include all expunged articles in the limit (`gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged`).
`/ D`
  Include all dormant articles in the limit (`gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant`).
`/ *`
  Include all cached articles in the limit (`gnus-summary-limit-include-cached`).
`/ d`
  Exclude all dormant articles from the limit (`gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant`).
`/ M`
  Exclude all marked articles (`gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks`).
`/ T`
  Include all the articles in the current thread in the limit.
`/ c`
  Exclude all dormant articles that have no children from the limit
  (`gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant`).
`/ C`
  Mark all excluded unread articles as read (`gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read`). If given a prefix, also mark excluded ticked and dormant articles as read.
`/ b`
  Limit the summary buffer to articles that have bodies that match a certain regexp (`gnus-summary-limit-to-bodies`). If given a prefix, reverse the limit. This command is quite slow since it requires selecting each article to find the matches.
`/ h`
  Like the previous command, only limit to headers instead (`gnus-summary-limit-to-headers`).

The following commands aren't limiting commands, but use the `/` prefix as well.

`/ N`
  Insert all new articles in the summary buffer. It scans for new emails if back-end`-get-new-mail` is non-`nil`.
`/ o`
  Insert all old articles in the summary buffer. If given a numbered prefix, fetch this number of articles.