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### 4.8 Hungry Deletion of Whitespace

If you want to delete an entire block of whitespace at point, you can use hungry deletion. This deletes all the contiguous whitespace either before point or after point in a single operation. “Whitespace” here includes tabs and newlines, but not comments or preprocessor commands. Hungry deletion can markedly cut down on the number of times you have to hit deletion keys when, for example, you’ve made a mistake on the preceding line and have already pressed `C-j`.

Hungry deletion is a simple feature that some people find extremely useful. In fact, you might find yourself wanting it in all your editing modes!

Loosely speaking, in what follows, `DEL` means “the backspace key” and `DELETE` means “the forward delete key”. This is discussed in more detail below.

There are two different ways you can use hungry deletion:

Using Hungry Delete Mode with `DEL` and `C-d`

  Here you toggle Hungry Delete minor mode with `M-x c-toggle-hungry-state` 12 (see Minor Modes.) This makes `DEL` and `C-d` do backwards and forward hungry deletion.

  `DEL` (`c-electric-backspace`)

    This command is run by default when you hit the `DEL` key. When hungry delete mode is enabled, it deletes any amount of whitespace in the backwards direction. Otherwise, or when used with a prefix argument or in a literal (see Auto-newlines), the command just deletes backwards in the usual way. (More precisely, it calls the function contained in the variable `c-backspace-function`, passing it the prefix argument, if any.)

  `c-backspace-function`

    Hook that gets called by `c-electric-backspace` when it doesn’t do an “electric” deletion of the preceding whitespace. The default value is `backward-delete-char-untabify` (see Deletion in GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, the function which deletes a single character.

  `C-d` (`c-electric-delete-forward`)

    This function, which is bound to `C-d` by default, works just like `c-electric-backspace` but in the forward direction. When it doesn’t do an “electric” deletion of the following whitespace, it just does `delete-char`, more or less. (Strictly speaking, it calls the function in `c-delete-function` with the prefix argument.)

  `c-delete-function`

    Hook that gets called by `c-electric-delete-forward` when it doesn’t do an “electric” deletion of the following whitespace. The default value is `delete-char`.

Using Distinct Bindings

  The other (newer and recommended) way to use hungry deletion is to perform `c-hungry-delete-backwards` and `c-hungry-delete-forward` directly through their key sequences rather than using the minor mode toggling.

  `C-c C-DEL`, or `C-c DEL` (`c-hungry-delete-backwards`)13

    Delete any amount of whitespace in the backwards direction (regardless whether hungry-delete mode is enabled or not). This command is bound to both `C-c C-DEL` and `C-c DEL`, since the more natural one, `C-c C-DEL`, is sometimes difficult to type at a character terminal.

  `C-c C-d`, `C-c C-DELETE`, or `C-c DELETE` (`c-hungry-delete-forward`)

    Delete any amount of whitespace in the forward direction (regardless whether hungry-delete mode is enabled or not). This command is bound to both `C-c C-DELETE` and `C-c DELETE` for the same reason as for `DEL` above.

When we talk about `DEL`, and `DELETE` above, we actually do so without connecting them to the physical keys commonly known as `Backspace` and `Delete`. The default bindings to those two keys depends on the flavor of (X)Emacs you are using.

In XEmacs 20.3 and beyond, the `Backspace` key is bound to `c-electric-backspace` and the `Delete` key is bound to `c-electric-delete`. You control the direction it deletes in by setting the variable `delete-key-deletes-forward`, a standard XEmacs variable. When this variable is non-`nil`, `c-electric-delete` will do forward deletion with `c-electric-delete-forward`, otherwise it does backward deletion with `c-electric-backspace`. Similarly, `C-c Delete` and `C-c C-Delete` are bound to `c-hungry-delete` which is controlled in the same way by `delete-key-deletes-forward`.

Emacs 21 and later automatically binds `Backspace` and `Delete` to `DEL` and `C-d` according to your environment, and CC Mode extends those bindings to `C-c C-Backspace` etc. If you need to change the bindings through `normal-erase-is-backspace-mode` then CC Mode will also adapt its extended bindings accordingly.

In earlier (X)Emacs versions, CC Mode doesn’t bind either `Backspace` or `Delete` directly. Only the key codes `DEL` and `C-d` are bound, and it’s up to the default bindings to map the physical keys to them. You might need to modify this yourself if the defaults are unsuitable.

Getting your `Backspace` and `Delete` keys properly set up can sometimes be tricky. The information in DEL Does Not Delete in GNU Emacs Manual, might be helpful if you’re having trouble with this in GNU Emacs.

#### Footnotes

### (12)

Prior to CC Mode 5.31, this command was bound to `C-c C-d`. `C-c C-d` is now the default binding for `c-hungry-delete-forward`.

### (13)

This command was formerly known as `c-hungry-backspace`.

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