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### 26.5 Buffer Modification

Emacs keeps a flag called the modified flag for each buffer, to record whether you have changed the text of the buffer. This flag is set to `t` whenever you alter the contents of the buffer, and cleared to `nil` when you save it. Thus, the flag shows whether there are unsaved changes. The flag value is normally shown in the mode line (see Mode Line Variables), and controls saving (see Saving Buffers) and auto-saving (see Auto-Saving).

Some Lisp programs set the flag explicitly. For example, the function `set-visited-file-name` sets the flag to `t`, because the text does not match the newly-visited file, even if it is unchanged from the file formerly visited.

The functions that modify the contents of buffers are described in Text.

Function: buffer-modified-p &optional buffer

  This function returns `t` if the buffer buffer has been modified since it was last read in from a file or saved, or `nil` otherwise. If buffer is not supplied, the current buffer is tested.

Function: set-buffer-modified-p flag

  This function marks the current buffer as modified if flag is non-`nil`, or as unmodified if the flag is `nil`.

  Another effect of calling this function is to cause unconditional redisplay of the mode line for the current buffer. In fact, the function `force-mode-line-update` works by doing this:

      (set-buffer-modified-p (buffer-modified-p))

Function: restore-buffer-modified-p flag

  Like `set-buffer-modified-p`, but does not force redisplay of mode lines.

Command: not-modified &optional arg

  This command marks the current buffer as unmodified, and not needing to be saved. If arg is non-`nil`, it marks the buffer as modified, so that it will be saved at the next suitable occasion. Interactively, arg is the prefix argument.

  Don’t use this function in programs, since it prints a message in the echo area; use `set-buffer-modified-p` (above) instead.

Function: buffer-modified-tick &optional buffer

  This function returns buffer’s modification-count. This is a counter that increments every time the buffer is modified. If buffer is `nil` (or omitted), the current buffer is used. The counter can wrap around occasionally.

Function: buffer-chars-modified-tick &optional buffer

  This function returns buffer’s character-change modification-count. Changes to text properties leave this counter unchanged; however, each time text is inserted or removed from the buffer, the counter is reset to the value that would be returned by `buffer-modified-tick`. By comparing the values returned by two `buffer-chars-modified-tick` calls, you can tell whether a character change occurred in that buffer in between the calls. If buffer is `nil` (or omitted), the current buffer is used.

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