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### 3.9 Standard Mathematical Functions

These mathematical functions allow integers as well as floating-point numbers as arguments.

Function: sin arg
Function: cos arg
Function: tan arg

  These are the basic trigonometric functions, with argument arg measured in radians.

Function: asin arg

  The value of `(asin arg)` is a number between âˆ’pi/2 and pi/2 (inclusive) whose sine is arg. If arg is out of range (outside [âˆ’1, 1]), `asin` returns a NaN.

Function: acos arg

  The value of `(acos arg)` is a number between 0 and pi (inclusive) whose cosine is arg. If arg is out of range (outside [âˆ’1, 1]), `acos` returns a NaN.

Function: atan y &optional x

  The value of `(atan y)` is a number between âˆ’pi/2 and pi/2 (exclusive) whose tangent is y. If the optional second argument x is given, the value of `(atan y x)` is the angle in radians between the vector `[x, y]` and the `X` axis.

Function: exp arg

  This is the exponential function; it returns e to the power arg.

Function: log arg &optional base

  This function returns the logarithm of arg, with base base. If you don’t specify base, the natural base e is used. If arg or base is negative, `log` returns a NaN.

Function: expt x y

  This function returns x raised to power y. If both arguments are integers and y is positive, the result is an integer; in this case, overflow causes truncation, so watch out. If x is a finite negative number and y is a finite non-integer, `expt` returns a NaN.

Function: sqrt arg

  This returns the square root of arg. If arg is finite and less than zero, `sqrt` returns a NaN.

In addition, Emacs defines the following common mathematical constants:

Variable: float-e

  The mathematical constant e (2.71828…).

Variable: float-pi

  The mathematical constant pi (3.14159…).

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